한국일본학회

In order for the 「te」passage and the main clause to have a simultaneity in the complex sentence 「Pte(テ)、Q」, the following conditions of ≪appearance of movement≫, ≪repeated movement≫, ≪continuity and maintenance≫, ≪adverbial expression≫ were derived. The first condition ≪appearance of movement≫. The verb used to indicate movement in the main clause does not merely express movement but presents the appearance of movement (or the method) by using the passage 「te」. The second condition ≪repeated movement≫. In order for the 「te」passage and the main clause to have a simultaneous temporal relationship, the represented event must be continuous. Therefore, the 「te」passage which represents repeated movement conveys a certain temporal length, allowing it to have a simultaneous temporal relationship. The third condition ≪continuity and maintenance≫. The state of the main clause must occur while the action of the「te」passage is occurring or while the results of the action are persisting. A verb which satisfies such conditions expresses the posture of the subject of the action or is a recursive expression which shows the results of the action in the subject. The fourth condition ≪adverbial expression≫. The expression of the 「te」passage is a modifying expression of the realization of the state of the main clause.